隨著城市交通(tong)(tong)(tong)壓力日益增大，為應對早晚(wan)高峰(feng)期出(chu)現的(de)交通(tong)(tong)(tong)擁堵問題，可(ke)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)橋梁(liang)的(de)建設來緩(huan)解部分(fen)交通(tong)(tong)(tong)壓力。部分(fen)橋梁(liang)采用(yong)預應力混(hun)凝土T梁(liang)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)，該結(jie)(jie)構(gou)具有施工便利、自重小、消耗(hao)材料少的(de)特點，可(ke)以節省施工成本(ben)，加快施工進度。

一、 預應力混凝土T梁鋼模板加工及安裝

本(ben)工程(cheng)T梁(liang)施(shi)工模(mo)(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)采(cai)用鋼(gang)(gang)模(mo)(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)，由經驗豐富的(de)加工廠制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)。波紋管就(jiu)位(wei)后開始安(an)裝(zhuang)，在(zai)模(mo)(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，外模(mo)(mo)(mo)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)尺(chi)寸應控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)6mm，模(mo)(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)骨架(jia)的(de)尺(chi)寸依(yi)據槽(cao)鋼(gang)(gang)進(jin)行計算(suan)，本(ben)次施(shi)工控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)60～110mm，模(mo)(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)頂面制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)時，可設置(zhi)3cm的(de)反凹，與(yu)梁(liang)體保持一致。此外，為方(fang)便后續拆模(mo)(mo)(mo)施(shi)工，模(mo)(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)可在(zai)肋板(ban)(ban)(ban)與(yu)倒角(jiao)相交(jiao)位(wei)置(zhi)設置(zhi)曲(qu)線弧度進(jin)行過渡，待模(mo)(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)完成后，采(cai)用螺(luo)桿進(jin)行模(mo)(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)固定，然后安(an)裝(zhuang)三腳架(jia)與(yu)吊(diao)裝(zhuang)。模(mo)(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)安(an)裝(zhuang)后，在(zai)接縫(feng)處需(xu)利用密(mi)封性材料(liao)填充，并檢測(ce)模(mo)(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)安(an)裝(zhuang)質量。

二、 預應力混凝土T梁吊運

預應(ying)力混凝土T梁(liang)(liang)(liang)吊(diao)裝時(shi)(shi)，需(xu)先(xian)將(jiang)T梁(liang)(liang)(liang)從預制場運(yun)送(song)至(zhi)施工(gong)現場，而T梁(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)吊(diao)運(yun)需(xu)要由龍門(men)吊(diao)完成。本工(gong)程吊(diao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)采(cai)用雙(shuang)點起吊(diao)的(de)(de)方(fang)式，準備有(you)2臺98t的(de)(de)龍門(men)吊(diao)，依據(ju)設(she)計的(de)(de)吊(diao)點位置將(jiang)T梁(liang)(liang)(liang)與龍門(men)吊(diao)相連接，然(ran)后同時(shi)(shi)啟動2臺龍門(men)吊(diao)，兩臺龍門(men)吊(diao)作業需(xu)協(xie)調一致(zhi)，預應(ying)力混凝土T梁(liang)(liang)(liang)吊(diao)起之(zhi)后將(jiang)其移運(yun)至(zhi)運(yun)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)區(qu)，然(ran)后在(zai)運(yun)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)區(qu)內將(jiang)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)體裝載至(zhi)運(yun)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)軌道平(ping)車(che)(che)上，最后安排駕(jia)駛人員啟動運(yun)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)軌道平(ping)車(che)(che)，將(jiang)T梁(liang)(liang)(liang)平(ping)穩運(yun)送(song)至(zhi)施工(gong)現場，由于T梁(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)自重較大，約在(zai)100t左右(you)，在(zai)運(yun)輸過程中車(che)(che)速不(bu)得過快。

三、 預應力混凝土T梁安裝

當T粱利用(yong)運(yun)梁(liang)(liang)軌道平(ping)車從(cong)預(yu)制場運(yun)輸至施工(gong)(gong)現場后，將(jiang)運(yun)梁(liang)(liang)軌道平(ping)車停放(fang)至架橋(qiao)(qiao)機底部(bu)。T梁(liang)(liang)安(an)裝時采(cai)用(yong)的(de)架橋(qiao)(qiao)機為自行式桁架式架橋(qiao)(qiao)機，在橋(qiao)(qiao)頭路(lu)基上(shang)方完(wan)成拼接(jie)與(yu)安(an)裝，并在正式吊(diao)(diao)梁(liang)(liang)安(an)裝前進行試(shi)吊(diao)(diao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，在正式T梁(liang)(liang)吊(diao)(diao)裝中，采(cai)取兜托(tuo)梁(liang)(liang)底起(qi)吊(diao)(diao)法。吊(diao)(diao)前，在橋(qiao)(qiao)上(shang)先設置安(an)裝支座(zuo)，待(dai)T梁(liang)(liang)吊(diao)(diao)至橋(qiao)(qiao)上(shang)位(wei)置后，將(jiang)其放(fang)置于(yu)支座(zuo)上(shang)方，并立(li)即在橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)橫(heng)隔(ge)(ge)板(ban)處施加支撐，待(dai)梁(liang)(liang)體(ti)與(yu)橫(heng)隔(ge)(ge)板(ban)處預(yu)留(liu)的(de)鋼筋(jin)焊接(jie)完(wan)成后，再將(jiang)梁(liang)(liang)體(ti)的(de)起(qi)吊(diao)(diao)設施卸(xie)除，進行下一組(zu)T梁(liang)(liang)吊(diao)(diao)裝施工(gong)(gong)，等每跨T梁(liang)(liang)吊(diao)(diao)裝就(jiu)位(wei)后，立(li)即澆筑(zhu)濕接(jie)頭混凝(ning)土(tu)并進行養護，使其與(yu)整(zheng)個橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)形成整(zheng)體(ti)結構(gou)。

四、 結語

綜(zong)上，采用預(yu)(yu)應(ying)力混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)T梁(liang)進行橋梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，可以有效地節(jie)省施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成本、提高施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)，由于預(yu)(yu)應(ying)力混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)T梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)較多，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)應(ying)遵循制定(ding)好的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案，嚴格按工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)進行施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，還應(ying)加強管理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，保證混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)澆筑(zhu)、預(yu)(yu)應(ying)力張拉、孔道(dao)壓漿等關鍵(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)，從(cong)而順利完成施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)任務。